Kidney stones are hard deposits of salt and minerals in the kidneys. These stones usually cause immense pain whenever they move or obstruct the urinary tract. Kidney stones differ in size. While some stones can be a few mm in size, others can grow to inches. Kidney stones are quite prevalent equally and affect both men and women. Kidney stones can be divided into four major types- Calcium stones, Uric Acid stones, Struvite stones and Cystine stones.
Causes
Lack of water
Chronic Diarrhea
High Blood Sugar
High Blood Sugar
Symptoms
In the side and back
Pain while urinating
Severe pain below the ribs,
Pink, red or brown-colored urine
ESWL (Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy):- It uses shock waves to break Kidney stones into small pieces that can move through the urinary tract & pass from the body.
URS (Ureteroscopy):-In this, the ureteroscope is passed through the urethra and into the ureter to remove a stone using the laser.
RIRS (Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery):- It is a procedure for doing surgery within the kidney using a flexible ureteroscope to remove upper ureter and small kidney stones.
PCNL (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy):-It is a minimally invasive procedure in which large kidney stones are removed through a small incision in skin.